The state of the P&C insurance marketplace
COVID-19 and other trends have accelerated changes in an already rapidly evolving insurance market.
In a survey of frequent Out Front Ideas attendees, one of the biggest concerns raised by risk managers was the rapidly evolving insurance marketplace. These challenges started back in 2018, but COVID-19, civil unrest and other events have accelerated this change. At the Out Front Ideas virtual conference, a panel discussed these challenges.
U.S. commercial casualty market
Social inflation has been impacting civil jury verdicts for several years. Juries have been displaying anti-business and anti-government bias, and they have been desensitized to large awards. The combination of these factors is leading to record jury verdicts around the nation, even in cases with questionable liability. Umbrella excess liability and auto liability have been the most impacted by this jury behavior.
There has also been a significant impact on directors and officers coverage. In 2019, there were more than 400 lawsuits filed against public company directors, and that number is expected again in 2020. Public company D&O coverage saw a 74% price increase in the second quarter of 2020.
The COVID-19 pandemic raised an entirely new set of risk management concerns. Businesses were shut down. When would they fully reopen? What impact would these shutdowns ultimately have on the business? In addition, risk managers faced new risks in their existing operations. Sit-down restaurants started offering delivery. Many employees shifted to working in different roles.
In the carrier marketplace, there was a change in appetite seen. Some carriers walked away from certain industries. New exclusions emerged, such as communicable disease, which took away coverage for much more than COVID-19. For example, a communicable disease exclusion eliminated coverage for Legionnaires disease, which was previously covered. Many carriers eliminated some communicable disease endorsements.
There was much uncertainty around the impact on claims due to COVID-19. What would the claims ultimately look like across multiple lines? What policy coverage period would apply? In medical malpractice, many coverage triggers required reporting in the policy term, so healthcare providers reported thousands of claims as a precautionary measure.
During all this, carriers started to grow concerned about the financials of their clients. Did they have sufficient collateral posted to cover potential losses? Some businesses struggled to pay premiums because of decreased revenues. Exposures changed dramatically almost overnight. New insurance regulations intended to provide premium relief to businesses created complications in the workers’ compensation market that already had a built-in premium audit function.
U.S. property marketplace
The U.S. property market is experiencing its 11th quarter of rate increases. Natural disasters like wildfires have been very impactful. Additionally, there have been 26 named storms so far this 2020 hurricane season. Civil unrest and damage from riots have also heavily impacted the commercial property market.
One broker reported that more than 91% of their clients had seen commercial property rate increases this year. Even without losses, these increases have been around 25%. Those with losses are seeing rate increases of more than 35%.
Exclusions have also increased in this market. What started as COVID-19 exclusions expanded to pandemic exclusions and then to exclusions on all communicable diseases. Carriers are trying to eliminate any potential uncertainty regarding their exclusion of coverage of business interruption relating to disease outbreaks.
Global insurance markets
Many businesses have global exposures or access to Lloyd’s marketplace for some of their insurance coverage. The challenges seen in the U.S. commercial insurance market are also being seen internationally. The U.S. has seen the highest rate increases, but Australia has also seen significant rate increases. Other international locations are also seeing low double-digit rate increases across multiple lines. These are driven by large losses worldwide, including natural disasters and shareholder lawsuits against directors and officers. Carriers are also pulling back on capacity in certain countries.
The low-interest rates globally are having a significant impact on carrier rates. With declining investment income, carriers have to raise rates just to stay even.
Lloyd’s has been transforming for the last few years. Lloyd’s acts as a de-facto regulator for the individual insurance syndicates that operate in their market. They started a series of reforms in recent years designed to increase profitability and are also limiting their capacity. Thus, companies who are renewing late in the year could face capacity challenges with the Lloyd’s market.
Changing terms and conditions
Changing insurance policy terms and conditions are also being seen around the world. One big lesson in all the litigation around whether COVID-19 closures are covered under business interruption claims is that words matter.
It is also crucial to make sure you have concurrent wording in your insurance coverage towers. This is increasingly challenging as carriers move away from allowing manuscript or broker-driven policy language and only allowing the use of their policy forms.
Brokers need to work closely with their clients and the insurance carriers to develop policy language that addresses the concerns of all parties. Any change to any layer of the coverage tower harms the entire tower as many higher layers take a “follow form” approach. Not all policy language is appropriate for all insureds, and this can lead to increase litigation over claims. Brokers and carriers need to make sure that the changing terms and conditions do not eliminate coverage for the day-to-day operations of a business.
Due to all the complexity in the marketplace right now, brokers must have the time to work with the insured and the carrier to work out any policy language challenges. The broker needs to have experts reviewing the policy language. Insureds need to make sure they are fully describing their business operations. Carriers need sufficient time to digest all this information and get approval for any proposed wording changes. Having a long-term relationship with your broker and carrier can be helpful under these circumstances.
Collateral considerations
As mentioned previously, carriers have significant concerns about whether the collateral they are holding is sufficient to cover potential losses below their attachment point on high-deductible policies. COVID-19 has presented an unprecedented credit risk event. Usually, such events are limited to certain geographic areas or industries, but the challenges of COVID-19 impacted most businesses. It has created significant financial uncertainty around businesses.
Credit risk underwriters with carriers look at debt ratios, cash flow and business operations to develop a credit grade for each policyholder. That grade is used to determine what percentage of the projected losses below the attachment point need to be collateralized on a deductible policy. There is almost always a percentage of the projected losses that are not fully covered by collateral.
The collateral determination process needs to be transparent. What factors are being considered by the carrier? What is the financial outlook for the policyholder? The more information shared, the better the decision making on both sides.
One of the challenges of COVID-19 was that it required carriers to analyze the collateral they were holding on their entire book of business in a short period. Carriers focused on what accounts had the most significant risk in terms of funds not collateralized and the impact of COVID-19 on their industry.
Although reviewing financial statements is important, collateral decisions in this COVID-19 marketplace required much more information. Are the policyholders able to access any state or federal government relief funds? Are they issuing new debt to increase their liquidity? What changes have they made to their payroll and expenditures? How many months of their operations can they fund with available cash? Carriers also want to know the policyholder’s view of their future. What are their expectations for reopening and their business volume returning to prior levels?
There has been an increased volume of business bankruptcy because of COVID-19. For the most part, however, these have not been a surprise to carriers. These businesses struggled going into the pandemic, and the additional stresses in this environment were more than they could financially handle, necessitating restructuring under bankruptcy.
Editor’s Note: Watch for part two of this article publishing next week.
Kimberly George (kimberly.george@sedgwick.com) is the senior vice president of corporate development, M&A and health care at Sedgwick. Mark Walls (mark.walls@safetynational.com) is vice president of communications & strategic analysis at Safety National.
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