Related: Hurricane Irma's commercial property damage & how prep helped limit losses

The resilience of the people and communities affected by the storm impressed us greatly. Our visit and the incoming claims data allow us to make the following observations about the top five losses from the recent storms, and how to prevent them going forward:

Hurricane Irma spurred many claims for roof shingles that were blown off, especially on corners. (AP Photo/Wilfredo Lee)

No. 5: Roof damage from wind

In the worst cases of roof damage, not only the shingles but the protective layers underneath were compromised, allowing water to soak the wood and insulation. Flat rolled roofs had similar issues when the wind got under edges and caused peeling or bubbling, or scoured off the gravel surface.

Related: Hurricanes and homeowners' insurance deductibles

Preventative steps:

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      • Have the roof inspected every five years at a minimum by a professional.
      • Look for signs of damage after strong winds, snow and hail storms, and repair promptly.
      • For shingled roofs, replace or recement shingles showing any sign of potential lifting. For flat rolled roofs, look closely at loose fascia and edge flashing.
      • Use shingles rated for at least 110 mph wind resistance. Some communities require shingles rated for 150 mph winds. It is best to check local building ordinances to learn what is required.
      • Make sure that corners and edges are double fastened at the base and protected by additional edging if you live in a wind zone.
      • Ensure all roof attachments, such as solar panels, dish antennas, etc., are secured and will not be damaged or dislodged by strong winds.

We have also noticed that metal roofs survived the storms better than other roof types. Consider converting to a metal roof during a major renovation or using one for new construction.

Irma downed many trees and large limbs that often punched holes in roofs or walls, crushed fences and parked autos, and knocked over power lines. (AP Photo/Wilfredo Lee)

No. 4: Fallen trees and large limbs

Studies show that many of the trees or limbs that fall due to high winds have health issues.

Preventative steps:

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      • Have an arborist annually check the health of trees.
      • Trim large limbs (8 inches or more in diameter) overhanging homes or detached structures.
      • Watch for signs of an unhealthy condition
      • Soil that is shallow and overly damp, which inhibits growth of a strong root system. The roots should have ample room to spread out from the tree. The wider and deeper the root system is, the more the tree will be able to survive strong winds.
      • Mushrooms and moss on the ground covering the roots. Certain strains can cause rot.
      • Deadening in the crown of the tree — an early sign of root problems.
      • A gradual increase in the lean of the tree and cracking in the trunk or large limbs.

Even if they are healthy, certain types of trees such as willows, white pine, some palms and others have shallow root systems that don't secure the tree during high winds. Consideration should be made with an arborist to remove and replace these types with sturdier ones.

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