More bonds are being issued on private projects as well, which is good news for sureties. There has been a trend of lending institutions requiring bonds in more instances to finance projects on the private sector, notes Bill Minderjahn, vice president of surety for RT Specialty LLC.

Public project spending has not quite seen the same level of recovery: Peaking in July 2009 at $323 billion, public construction in July 2016 was $278 billion. “The drop in spending reflects the lack of funds that state and local governments have,” says David Hewett, U.S. contract surety leader at Marsh. “However, the demand for projects is there, and governments are finding creative ways to meet infrastructure needs.”

One way is through public-private partnerships, or P3s.

“We're seeing more interest in P3 projects than ever before, which is driving discussion on the surety side about how to be most relevant in the space by offering bonds that are more liquid,” says Patrick Pribyl, senior vice president and surety team leader at Lockton Cos.

Shortage in skilled workers

However, strong growth in construction can be a mixed blessing. On one hand, the construction rebound has driven bonding demand. However, there is growing concern over the availability of skilled workers.

Maintaining a qualified workforce is one of the top concerns for construction company executives, says Jack Gibson, president and CEO of the International Risk Management Institute, which hosted its Construction Risk Conference in Orlando, Florida, early in November.

“We're seeing more and more baby boomers retiring,” he says, “a lot of institutional knowledge leaving at the trade level and supervisor level. You have to fill that void.”

“The unemployment rate for construction nationally is the lowest it has been in 10 years, which is positive, but it has constrained available labor,” says Ed Titus, senior vice president of surety for Philadelphia Insurance Cos. “We see the Texas, California and Florida construction markets struggling with not having enough of an available trained, skilled workforce for contractors to start bidding on new projects,”

With the labor shortage, sureties are watching a rise in claims. “Without enough workers, it's hard to finish on time, and that triggers damages,” says Larry Taylor, chairman of the board and president of Merchants Bonding Co.

“The flow of money from owners down to the sub-trades is also slower than it has been,” he adds. “If the owner pays the general [contractor] slowly, and the general pays the subcontractor slowly, and the sub pays suppliers slowly, that can trigger a claim because our bonds guarantee that labor and material providers are paid.”

Energy sector

Another area of potential concern for sureties is the energy sector. Law firm Haynes and Boone, which tracks bankruptcy filings, reports that more than 100 North American oil and gas producers have declared bankruptcy since the start of 2015, with 58 filing as of September 2016 and more expected this year. “We don't anticipate there being many full-bond penalty losses, but I know that sureties have taken reserves toward losses in the energy sector,” Pribyl says. “The bonds tied to that space, such as well plugging bonds and reclamation bonds, are becoming a bit harder to place, although there hasn't yet been real hardening.”

“You have to remember that the biggest surety loss ever was Enron,” adds Hecker. “When you see so many energy companies file for bankruptcy, it's a concern because a lot of bonds are written in that sector. The coal sector is really concerning.”

Related: Construction contract bonds: 5 things you need to understand

Downward pricing has kept growth in the surety sector modest, but capacity remains plentiful. (Photo: Shutterstock)

Appetite for business

The surety market's current strength is perhaps best illustrated by what happened when XL Catlin left the primary market in March 2016, taking more than $1 billion in capacity with it.

“It had no impact,” says Hewett. “It would take the exit of two or three mid-size carriers to have an impact.”

Several sureties have entered the market over the last few years, including both new capital and property and casualty carriers looking to expand their revenue by writing an additional line of business. “We have heard from many different insurance companies that are not in the market of their desire to get in, particularly in the middle-market sector,” Hewett adds.

Existing sureties have been working to increase their business as well. “Surety underwriters are under pressure to grow,” says Taylor. “Most sureties are public-stock companies, so they need to show their shareholders earnings growth.”

With the profit being earned in the surety business, the appetite for business is not surprising. According to the Surety & Fidelity Association of America, for seven of the past 10 years the industry's loss ratio has been below 20 percent. For the first half of 2016, it was just higher than 18 percent.

Contract surety, commercial surety

The market divides into two sectors: contract surety for construction (“sticks and bricks”) and commercial surety, which covers other bonding needs. Competition is tough in both areas, and is particularly keen in commercial.

“Where we see severe competition to the point where rates are significantly impacted or underwriters are complaining about other companies doing things that are 'hypercompetitive,' it's typically in the commercial surety space. That's also where we see most of the new entrants as well,” Hecker says.

On the commercial surety side, pricing is being reduced to levels “that concern us,” says Titus, adding that he has seen some companies undercutting the incumbent surety by up to 20 percent.

In contract surety, underwriters are increasingly lenient on personal indemnity and other requirements, and are willing to accept lesser quality in the financial presentation that contractors are normally required to have.

“Sureties are not getting the double-digit growth that most want to see, so companies are willing to 'color outside the lines' to write business. They are doing things they don't want to do, which is scary because those debts will come due two to three years from now,” says Pribyl.

Disciplined underwriting

“A highly competitive contract surety market has definitely impacted underwriting,” says Carl G. Castellano, surety chief risk officer and vice president of contract security at Philadelphia Insurance Cos. “We must remain disciplined while also being somewhat creative in our underwriting approach.” Philadelphia itself is a relatively new entrant to the bonding business, having started writing in 2011, but has grown to become the 15th largest writer of surety in the nation.

Despite increased demand for bonding created by an improving economy, downward pricing pressure has kept growth in the surety sector modest. The SFAA reports a 2.7 percent increase in direct written premium in 2015 compared to 2014. In their desire to grow business, companies are also competing among each other for underwriting talent. “Headhunters are much more aggressive and compensation is going up,” says Taylor. “It's very specialized business that requires experience and expertise.”

Overall, surety capacity remains plentiful. Well-managed companies that control expenses and debt will find an extremely competitive environment, and even companies that have weaker balance sheets can find a home.

As long as current loss experience holds, premiums are expected to remain equally competitive. Although surety has higher claims expenses than other lines of business, even a jump of several points in the industry's loss ratio should continue to produce a profitable combined ratio. “It will take some severe losses or significant economic changes for the industry as a whole to see some tightening,” adds Hewett.

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