An insurer's combined ratio is a measure of underwriting profitability of the business, calculated as the sum of incurred losses and operating expenses measured as a percentage of earned premium.

A combined ratio above 100% implies an underwriting loss, while a ratio below 100% means an underwriting profit. 

A hard market suggests a period of higher premium rates and higher profitability. Therefore, a hard market correlates to a lower combined ratio.

In commercial auto, the shift toward a harder market has been a long time coming. Competitive pricing alone did not cause the shift to a harder market in commercial cuto. Experts also point to increasing claim severity among a broad range of vehicles, each with their own uses and risks.

Below, a summary of findings about commercial auto's combined ratio:

(Click image to enlarge.)

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Shawn Moynihan

Shawn Moynihan is Editor-in-Chief of National Underwriter Property & Casualty. A St. John’s University alum, Moynihan has earned 11 Jesse H. Neal Awards, the Pulitzers of the business press; seven Azbee Awards, from the American Society of Business Press Editors; two Folio Awards; and a SABEW award, from the Society of American Business Editors & Writers. Prior to joining ALM, he served as Managing Editor/Online Editor of journalism institution Editor & Publisher, the trade bible of the newspaper industry. Moynihan also has held editorial positions with AOL, Metro New York, and Newhouse Newspapers. He can be reached at [email protected].