Because the flight from Barcelona to Dusseldorf was international, it’s governed by the 1999 international accord known as the Montreal Convention, lawyers said. Under that agreement, crash victims’ families are automatically entitled to 100,000 special drawing rights, the equivalent of $139,000.

“That does not limit a person’s recovery,” Kevin P. Durkin, an air crash liability attorney with Chicago’s Clifford Law Offices, said in a phone interview on Thursday.

Should a claimant seek more, the burden is on Germanwings to prove that some entity other than it was the only cause of the occurrence, he said.

$350 Million

“We believe there is at least $1 billion of insurance cover on offer for Germanwings,” James Healy-Pratt, an aviation lawyer at Stewarts Law LLP in London, said in a phone interview. “We have actually assessed the likely compensation total to be around $350 million.”

Germanwings will be insured “even if it is proved that intentional pilot conduct, suicide, was the cause of this tragedy,” he said.

The “insurance remains valid unless there is cast iron evidence that senior management at Germanwings actively colluded in the alleged criminal activities of the co-pilot.”

French prosecutors have already opened a criminal investigation into the circumstances of the crash.

Medical Tests

Lufthansa Chief Executive Officer Carsten Spohr said the co-pilot had passed all medical tests and checks, and had started training in 2008, both in Bremen in northern Germany and in Phoenix, Arizona. All cockpit personnel undergo thorough examination, said Spohr at a press conference Thursday, calling the incident a “tragic, isolated case.”

The company didn’t immediately respond to questions about its potential liability following the crash.

Lufthansa, which had operated the aircraft before it was handed over to Germanwings at the start of 2014, said the cockpit had fortified doors with video surveillance to prevent unauthorized entry, a measure that became mandatory after the 9/11 terror attacks in the U.S. While pilots have a security code that lets them open the door from the outside, the person remaining in the cockpit can still deny access.

While the amount of liability payments is not limited, the question what counts as damages is governed by national rules, said Elmar Giemulla, a lawyer and professor of aviation law at Berlin’s Technical University.

Main Breadwinner

Under German law, this includes payouts for psychological treatments and burial costs. If a victim was the breadwinner for a surviving family, the airline has to make up any cost of living payments for dependents, like alimony payments for children until they reach the age of 27. He estimates this is around 6,000 euros a year per child.

“These are not big sums, nothing threatening for the airline,” said Giemulla.

“And of course, this is insured anyway,” he said. “Normally, these cases do not go to court, the airlines are willing to pay and do pay.”

--With assistance from Sarah Jones, Heather Smith and Andrea Gerlin in London, Karin Matussek in Berlin, Richard Weiss in Frankfurt and Oliver Suess in Munich.

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