The Malaysian government on Jan. 29 declared the disappearance an accident and said all on the flight were presumed dead. Prime Minister Najib Razak said in the days after the plane went missing that it was believed to have been deliberately steered off course.

Relatives’ Demand

Australia is leading efforts to locate debris in some of the deepest and most remote parts of the Indian Ocean in what is already the longest search for a jet in modern aviation history. Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott said Sunday he’s reasonably confident the plane would eventually be found.

Scores of family and friends of missing passengers and crew gathered at Publika mall in Kuala Lumpur and Lama Temple in Beijing to mark a year without their loved ones and demand that the search continue. In Kuala Lumpur, they wrote messages to relatives on white balloons and released them into the air.

“We don’t care about the interim report saying recorder batteries were out or not,” said Kelly Wen, who lost her husband and represents Chinese families. “All we want is for them to go to sea and find the plane.”

Ships equipped with sonar submersibles have scanned more than 26,000 square kilometers of the ocean floor where MH370 is believed to have crashed into the sea. So far, they have found no trace of the plane.

Beacon Battery

According to the report, it’s possible the underwater beacon’s battery could have continued to operate past the December 2012 expiration date, but its “effectiveness decreases so it may operate for a reduced time period until it finally discharges.” An expired battery wouldn’t explain why the plane went missing, but could’ve hampered efforts to locate the aircraft in the weeks after.

In a statement Monday, Malaysia Airlines said another underwater locator was installed with the cockpit voice recorder. The battery on that beacon had not expired and would have been transmitting for 30 days once it was activated upon immersion in water.

The airline has also taken steps to improve the tracking of its aircraft, it said. Position reporting from its Boeing Co. 777 aircraft has been shortened to 15-minute intervals since December, and to 10 minutes for 737-800 and Airbus Group NV’s A330 and A380 planes. The company said it’s also preparing to upgrade its flight tracking applications for better monitoring.

Flight Transcripts

The plane was also carrying lithium batteries that were loaded without going through security screening, according to the report. The batteries were packed and physically inspected by the airline’s cargo officials in Penang, Malaysia, where they originated.

While there is too little information to draw definitive conclusions, the lithium batteries are “a concern,” Robert Mann, head of aviation consultant R.W. Mann & Co. in Port Washington, New York, said in an e-mail. Investigators linked the 2010 crash of a plane that killed two crewmembers to a fire that started in cargo containing lithium batteries. Many carriers, he said, are “now refusing such shipments aboard passenger aircraft.”

The inspection procedure on the battery cargo was in line with those defined by ICAO, the airline said in the statement.

‘Good Night’

Transcripts included in the report show that the last words from MH370’s pilots, at 1:19 a.m. on March 8, were “Good night, Malaysian Three Seven Zero.” It wasn’t clear whether the pilot or co-pilot made the comment.

The transcripts reflect the confusion among air traffic controllers across Southeast Asia as the flight left Malaysian airspace but then failed to make contact with air-traffic controllers in Vietnam. At one point, air-traffic controllers speculated the plane might have strayed into Cambodian airspace or might have continued along its flight path well into China.

Four months after MH370 disappeared, another Malaysia Airlines flight was shot down over eastern Ukraine in July, killing 298 people. Malaysia’s sovereign wealth fund Khazanah Nasional Bhd. ultimately was forced to take the flag carrier private ahead of a restructuring.

“Until this saga has some closure, it’s going to be very difficult for the new CEO to revamp the company,” Shukor Yusof, founder of aviation research firm, Endau Analytics, said Sunday. “It will be impossible to move on with this hanging.”

--With assistance from Niluksi Koswanage and Ranjeetha Pakiam in Kuala Lumpur, Narayanan Somasundaram in Sydney, Haixing Jin in Beijing and Richard Clough in New York.

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