Read After 'Year of the Data Breach,' Carriers Increase Capacity, Competition for Cyber Risks

What's more, the unique nature of information compromised—medical records and other health information—pose distinct threats to both providers and patients, and therefore require special care. These risks include:

1. The physical dangers to patients. Medical identity theft occurs when a patient's credentials are used to obtain medical goods and services or to bill for medical goods and services that the owner of these credentials did not receive. Victims of medical identity theft are susceptible not only to financial damages, but also face threats to their health. Patients can be denied treatment because of maxed-out benefits, be misdiagnosed because of record polluting (when a victim's records are merged with a thief using the same identity), can be denied insurance, or face embarrassment because of the exposure of sensitive information, such as mental health records.
2. The unique requirements of the patient population. According to the Ponemon study, a patient has an average lifetime value of more than $113,000—high stakes for healthcare providers. But meeting the varying needs of patients affected by a data breach is not easy. Many are minors, elderly or disabled, or face mental health challenges. Because of this, custom services, such as specialized call center agents, may be required.
3. The need for specialized identity monitoring. Many data breach response vendors, credit bureaus and providers of cyber insurance typically offer credit monitoring to those affected by a data breach. Victims of a healthcare data breach, however, require medical identity monitoring, a service which track a patient's insurance numbers and other medical information. Credit monitoring does not provide notification of medical identity theft.
4. The move to electronic health records (EHR). In February 2009, the U.S. Senate passed an $838 billion stimulus bill, in part to enable the digitization of every American's medical record. Healthcare organizations are rushing to computerize their medical records, to take advantage of financial “meaningful use” incentives. But lagging security investments have left medical records more susceptible than ever to accidental or intentional disclosure, loss, or theft. What were once isolated paper records are becoming electronic health data on millions of individuals that can be transmitted in seconds. Once this information is breached, it can never be recovered.
5. The rise of strict laws and stiff fines. The healthcare industry has, by far, the most stringent laws regarding the safety of its privacy data, called protected health information (PHI). HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules set standards for medical information privacy. The HITECH Act extends HIPAA privacy and security requirements beyond healthcare providers to business associates, creates stricter breach notification guidelines, and gives state authorities power to enforce HIPAA rules. It also increased penalties for noncompliance—up to $1.5 million.

Read related: “Private I.”

The combination of increased danger to patients, the move to electronic health records, and the strict laws associated with protected health information all increase the risks associated with healthcare data breaches. More than ever, healthcare organizations need to strengthen their preventive measures to minimize those risks and ensure positive outcomes for their organization and the patients they serve.