Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: None.

Definition of autonomous technology: None.

Definition of driver: None.

Definition of manufacturer: None.

Regulations: None.

Testing requirements: Universities can receive grant money for testing autonomous vehicles.

Insurance requirements: None.

Vehicle requirements: None.

Reporting requirements: Within two years the comptroller general must submit a report to congress assessing the status of policy and organizational readiness for this technology and recommending implementation paths.

Driver's license endorsement required: None.

Bond requirements: None.

Arizona

Statute: Executive Order 2015-09; More regulations to come soon due to executive order.

Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: None.

Definition of autonomous technology: None.

Definition of driver: None.

Definition of manufacturer: None.

Regulations: Governor's Executive Order means regulators must pass necessary regulations to support testing and regulation of self-driving vehicles. A self-driving vehicle oversight committee will also be formed.

Testing requirements: Pilot programs will begin on campuses. Only authorized people may operate the vehicles. There must be someone in the vehicle to take over if needed. The person must be licensed. The owner must provide insurance.

Insurance requirements: Owner must provide insurance.

Vehicle requirements: None.

Reporting requirements: None.

Driver's license endorsement required: Driver's license required.

Bond requirements: None.

Arkansas

Statute: A.C.A. § 27-51-305; 27-51-1701 through 1705

Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: a vehicle equipped with autonomous technology that can drive the vehicle without the active physical control or monitoring by a human operator for any duration of time.

Definition of autonomous technology: Technology installed on a motor vehicle that has the capability to drive the vehicle without the active physical control or monitoring by a human operator for any duration of time.

Definition of driver: Operator- the individual who is present in the autonomous vehicle to monitor the performance and intervene if necessary, or engages the autonomous technology if the vehicle is in autonomous mode.

Definition of manufacturer: The person or company that originally manufactured a vehicle and equipped autonomous technology at the time of manufacture or modified a vehicle by installing autonomous technology to convert the vehicle to an autonomous vehicle after the vehicle was originally manufactured.

Regulations: None.

Testing requirements: Only authorized people may operate the vehicles. There must be someone in the vehicle to take over if needed. The person must possess the proper class of license.

Insurance requirements: Before testing an autonomous vehicle on the public roads of the state the manufacturer of the vehicle shall submit proof of insurance under the motor vehicle safety responsibility act to the department of finance and administration.

Vehicle requirements: None.

Reporting requirements: None.

Driver's license endorsement required: Driver's license required.

Bond requirements: None.

California

Statute: Cal Veh Code §38750

Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: A vehicle equipped with technology that can drive the vehicle without active physical control or monitoring of a natural person. This does not include driver safety features such as blind spot assistance or parking assistance.

Definition of autonomous technology: Technology that has the capability to drive a vehicle without the active physical control or monitoring by a human operator.

Definition of driver: Operator – person seated in the driver's seat, or if no person in the driver's seat, person who causes the autonomous technology to engage.

Definition of manufacturer: The person that originally manufactures a vehicle and equips autonomous technology on the originally completed vehicle or modifies an already manufactured vehicle to convert to autonomous technology.

Regulations: 13 CCR § 227.00 through 13 CCR § 227.52.

Testing requirements: Driver must be in the driver's seat, monitoring safe operation of the vehicle, and be able to take immediate manual control in event of autonomous technology failure or other emergency. Driver must be certified by manufacturer as competent. Manufacturer must provide training program for test drivers. Manufacturer must have a permit to conduct testing ($150; if more than 10 cars or 20 drivers then $50 extra). Must test in controlled environment before testing on roads. Motorcycles, trailers, vehicles over 10,000 pounds, and certain vehicles with interstate operating authority are not eligible for permits.

Insurance requirements: Must have insurance, surety bond or self-insurance of $5,000,000 and shall provide proof of such to the department. This is in addition to any other insurance obligation generally required by law of vehicles in California.

Vehicle requirements: Vehicle must have mechanism to engage/disengage autonomous technology that is easily accessible to operator; visual indicator inside vehicle that indicates AV technology is engaged; has safety system to alert when AV failure is detected-system will require operator to take control or vehicle shall come to complete stop. Vehicle must meet all federal safety standards for that model year.

Reporting requirements: Vehicle must store sensor date for at least 30 seconds before collision occurs. Accident must be reported to the department within 10 days (form OL 316). Failures of the autonomous system which do not result in an accident but do result in the test driver needing to take over also must be reported.

Driver's license endorsement required: Manufacturer shall provide purchaser with written disclosure of information collected by technology equipped on the vehicle.

Bond requirements: Must have insurance, surety bond or self-insurance of $5,000,000 and shall provide proof of such to the department.

 District of Columbia

Statute: DC ST § 50-2351 through 2354

Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: A vehicle capable of navigating District roadways and interpreting traffic-control devices without a driver actively operating any of the vehicle's control systems. Autonomous vehicle does not include semi-autonomous technology such as adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning, or other such systems.

Definition of autonomous technology: None.

Definition of driver: A human operator of a motor vehicle with a valid driver's license.

Definition of manufacturer: None.

Regulations: Original manufacturer of a vehicle converted by a third party into an AV shall not be liable in, and have defense to and be dismissed from any legal action brought against original manufacturer unless defect was in vehicle as it was originally manufactured. Conversion is limited to model years 2009 or later or vehicles built within four years of conversion, whichever is later.

Testing requirements: None.

Insurance requirements: None.

Vehicle requirements: An AV may operate on a public roadway as long as vehicle has a manual override that allows a driver to assume control at any time; has a driver seated in the control seat of the vehicle prepared to take control at any time; and is capable of operating with the District's applicable traffic laws and motor vehicle laws and traffic control devices.

Reporting requirements: None.

Driver's license endorsement required: None.

Bond requirements: None.

Florida

Statute: F.S.A. § 316.85; 316.86; 316.003

Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: A vehicle equipped with autonomous technology.

Definition of autonomous technology: Technology that can drive the vehicle without active control or monitoring by a human operator. This does not include driver assistance such as blind spot assistance or crash avoidance.

Definition of driver: Operator – person who causes autonomous technology to engage, where or not a person is physically present in the vehicle while the vehicle is operating in autonomous mode.

Definition of manufacturer: None.

Regulations: Original manufacturer of a vehicle converted by a third party into an AV shall not be liable in, and have defense to and be dismissed from any legal action brought against original manufacturer unless defect was in vehicle as it was originally manufactured.

Testing requirements: A human operator must be in vehicle and have ability to monitor vehicle's performance and intervene if necessary unless vehicle is on a closed course.

Insurance requirements: Must have insurance, surety bond or self-insurance of $5,000,000 and shall provide proof of such to the department.

Vehicle requirements: None.

Reporting requirements: None.

Driver's license endorsement required: Person with valid driver's license may operate autonomous vehicle in autonomous mode.

Bond requirements: Must have insurance, surety bond or self-insurance of $5,000,000 and shall provide proof of such to the department.

 Georgia

Statute: O.C.G.A. § 40-1-1; 40-8-11;

Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: A motor vehicle equipped with an automated driving system that has the capability to perform all aspects of the dynamic driving task without a human driver within a limited or unlimited operational design domain and will not at any time request that a driver assume any portion of the dynamic driving task when the automated driving system is operating within its operation design domain.

Definition of autonomous technology: "Automated driving system" means the hardware and software that are collectively capable of performing the entire dynamic driving task on a sustained basis, regardless of whether it is limited to a specific operational design domain.

Definition of driver: "Operator" mean any person who drives or is in actual physical control of a motor vehicle or who causes a fully autonomous vehicle to move or travel with the automated driving system engaged.

Definition of manufacturer: Person engaged in the manufacture of vehicles and who has an established place of business in this state.

Regulations: None.

Testing requirements: None.

Insurance requirements: None.

Vehicle requirements: The vehicle is capable of being operated in compliance with Chapter 6 of this title and this chapter and has been, at the time of its manufacture, certified by the manufacturer as being in compliance with applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards; has the capability to meet the requirements of Code Section 40-6-279; and can achieve a minimal risk condition in the event of a failure of the automated driving system that renders that system unable to perform the entire dynamic driving task relevant to its intended operational design domain.

Reporting requirements: None.

Driver's license endorsement required: None.

Bond requirements: None.

Michigan

Statute: M.C.L.A. 600.2949b; M.C.L.A. 257.2b; M.C.L.A. 257.79; M.C.L.A. 257.665; M.C.L.A. 257.244; M.C.L.A. 257.36; M.C.L.A. 257.35a

Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: A motor vehicle in which automated technology has been installed, not including driver assistance such as electronic blind spot assistance or parking assistance.

Definition of autonomous technology: "…technology installed on a motor vehicle that has the capability to assist, make decisions for, or replace an operator."

Definition of driver: "Operator" means a person, other than a chauffeur, who operates a motor vehicle, or an automated motor vehicle, on a highway or street. "Operate" means being in actual physical control of a vehicle or causing an automated vehicle to move under its own power in automatic mode on a highway or street.

Definition of manufacturer: "…a manufacturer or subcomponent system producer recognized by the secretary of state that develops or produces automated technology or automated vehicles."

Regulations: None.

Testing requirements: Proof of insurance must be submitted to secretary of state before testing. A licensed individual must be in the vehicle while on roads and highways.

Insurance requirements: Proof of insurance must be submitted to secretary of state before testing.

Vehicle requirements: None.

Reporting requirements: None.

Driver's license endorsement required: None.

Bond requirements: "A transporter shall furnish a sufficient surety bond or policy of insurance as protection for public liability and property damage as may be required by the secretary of state."

Nevada

Statute: N.R.S. 482A.010, 025, 030, 060, 070, 080, 100, 200; 483.063

Definition of artificial intelligence: The use of computers and related equipment to enable a machine to duplicate or mimic the behavior of human beings.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: A motor vehicle that uses artificial intelligence, sensors and global positioning system coordinates to drive itself without the active intervention of a human operator. A motor vehicle which is equipped with autonomous technology.

Definition of autonomous technology: Technology which can drive a vehicle without active control or monitoring of a human operator. This does not include driver assistance such as blind spot monitoring or emergency braking.

Definition of driver: A person who is in actual physical control of a vehicle upon a highway. An operator is someone who causes the autonomous vehicle to engage whether or not that person is in the vehicle.

Definition of manufacturer: The original equipment manufacturer means the manufacturer of a new vehicle or engine, or relating to the vehicle or engine in its original, certified configuration

Regulations: NAC 482A.010 through NAC 482A.290.

Testing requirements: Two persons must be in the vehicle, one designated as operator and in the driver's seat. Each must have a valid driver's license and be trained in the operation of the vehicle and its limitations. $5,000,000 insurance or bond required. If being tested on a street or highway, must have (1) a way to engage and disengage technology, (2) a visual indicator whether technology is on, (3) technology failure alert system, (4) capability or conforming to rules of road. Application to test a vehicle: $100. Temporary plates: $12. Testing license may be denied for failure to pay child support or failure to comply with autonomous vehicle laws and regulations.

Insurance requirements: Certificate that meets or exceeds minimum liability requirements (15/30/10) but is not an operator's policy in N.R.S. 485.186 and 485.185. $5,000,000 insurance or bond required for testing.

Vehicle requirements: Vehicle must have 10,000 miles of prior autonomous operation. Must show that vehicle can handle traffic control devices, pedestrians & objects, speed variations, environmental changes (rain, snow, etc.).

Reporting requirements: If there is an accident or operator is issued a citation a report must be submitted to the department within ten days.

Driver's license endorsement required: Endorsement must recognize that person is not required to actively drive autonomous vehicle. (G endorsement $5).

Bond requirements: Bond or cash deposit of $1,000,000 required for 1-5 vehicles; $2,000,000 for 6-10 vehicles, $3,000,000 for more than 10 vehicles. $5,000,000 insurance or bond required for testing.

North Dakota

Statute: NDCC, 39-01-01; HB 1065 amending NDCC, 39-10-04; More changes to the law to come in the next few years. The above mandates evaluation of legal changes needed.

Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: "Automated motor vehicle" means a vehicle capable of operating in a full automation mode where full automation is defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers standard, J3016, section 5.6 issued January 2014, as the unconditional, full-time performance by an automated driving system of all aspects of the dynamic driving task. (HB 1065).

Definition of autonomous technology: None.

Definition of driver: Every person who drives or is in actual physical control or a vehicle.

Definition of manufacturer: None.

Regulations: None.

Testing requirements: None.

Insurance requirements: None.

Vehicle requirements: None.

Reporting requirements: None.

Driver's license endorsement required: None.

Bond requirements: None.

South Carolina

Statute: Proposed legislation failed.

Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: None.

Definition of autonomous technology: None.

Definition of driver: None.

Definition of manufacturer: None.

Regulations: None.

Testing requirements: None.

Insurance requirements: None.

Vehicle requirements: None.

Reporting requirements: None.

Driver's license endorsement required: None.

Bond requirements: None.

 Tennessee

Statute: T. C. A. § 55-8-202

Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: None.

Definition of autonomous technology: "Autonomous technology" means technology installed on a motor vehicle that has the capability to drive the motor vehicle without the active physical control or monitoring by a human operator.

Definition of driver: None.

Definition of manufacturer: None.

Regulations: None.

Testing requirements: None.

Insurance requirements: None.

Vehicle requirements: Vehicles using autonomous technology cannot be banned if the vehicles otherwise comply with all of the jurisdiction's safety standards. Vehicles must still adhere to all other general vehicle safety requirements.

Reporting requirements: None.

Driver's license endorsement required: None.

Bond requirements: None.

 Utah

Statute: U.C.A. 1953 § 41-6a-711 (amended by HB 373).

Definition of artificial intelligence: None.

Definition of autonomous vehicle: None.

Definition of autonomous technology: None.

Definition of driver: None.

Definition of manufacturer: None.

Regulations: None.

Testing requirements: None.

Insurance requirements: None.

Vehicle requirements: None.

Reporting requirements: The Department of Transportation must report the results of testing of "connected vehicles" to the Transportation interim committee no later than October 30th of any year in which testing is conducted.

Driver's license endorsement required: None.

Bond requirements: None.