The insurer filed for a declaratory judgment as to whether the general liability policy covered negligence claims by a customer who was shot at the insured's premises. The policy contained a firearms exclusion. This case is Capitol Specialty Insurance v. JBC Entertainment Holdings, Inc., 2012 WL 6098259.
JBC Entertainment operates a nightclub in Seattle. The general liability policy it purchased from Capitol Specialty Insurance contained a firearms exclusion that prevented coverage for bodily injury or property damage that arises out of, related to, is based upon, or is attributable to the use of a firearm.
On March 21, 2010, an unknown person fired a gun at the nightclub, injuring Mika. To recover damages related to the shooting, Mika filed a complaint against JBC and others. Mika asserted that JBC should have provided enhanced security and claimed negligent hiring, training and supervision, and negligent failure to provide adequate security. All the claims related to the shooting itself. JBC tendered the lawsuit to Capitol which filed a declaratory judgment action based on the firearms exclusion to determine whether the policy applied. The trial court ruled in favor of the insurer and the insured appealed.
JBC contended that the claims for negligent hiring, training, supervision and security allege a concurrent and independent cause of the injuries suffered by Mika, and so, fall outside the policy's firearms exclusion. The Court of Appeals of Washington decided that the claims depend entirely on the shooting. The court said that the claims arise out of, relate to, and are based upon the use of a firearm. Accordingly, the firearms exclusion precludes coverage. In other words, JBC's alleged liability for negligence is wholly dependent upon the shooting, an occurrence that is specifically excluded from coverage.
JBC said that the language of the exclusion is ambiguous such that an average purchaser of insurance could fairly conclude that the firearms exclusion applies only if the insured itself uses a firearm in connection with its business. The court disagreed. The court said that the policy simply states that the insurance does not apply to bodily injury that arises out of, relates to, and is based upon or attributable to the use of a firearm, period. The language is unambiguous and it unequivocally excludes coverage from bodily injury arising from the use of a firearm. To interpret the exclusion to apply only to the insured, the court held, would be contrary to the plain language of the policy.
The ruling of the trial court was affirmed.
Editor's Note: This decision required the appeals court to consider the applicability of a firearms exclusion. Even though the insured claimed the exclusionary language was ambiguous in that it was not clear as to whether the exclusion's applicability required the use of a firearm by the insured itself, the court found no ambiguity in the exclusion's language. The bodily injuries suffered by the claimant clearly arose and were attributable to the use of a firearm and that was all that was required by the exclusion.
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