Acuity, a mutual insurance company, appealed a judgment granted in favor of its insured, Community Living Solutions. This case is Hoffman, LLC v. Community Living Solutions, LLC, 2010 WL 5304610 (Wis.App.).

 This case arises from a business dispute between two construction firms, Hoffman and Community. Community was founded by several of Hoffman's former employees. Hoffman sued Community and five of its employees, alleging deceptive advertising, unfair competition, unfair trade practices, and tortuous interference with business relationships. Specifically, Hoffman alleged that the staff experience page of Community's website listed a number of projects Community employees had worked on, but did not specify that those projects were completed while the employees worked at Hoffman. Community tendered defense to Acuity.

 Community agreed to pay a portion of the defense costs, subject to a reservation of rights and pending a coverage determination. In the meantime, Hoffman and Community reached a settlement, although Acuity did not participate in the settlement negotiations. Acuity then filed a motion for declaratory judgment, seeking an order that it had no duty to indemnify Community. The circuit court denied Acuity's motion and entered judgment ordering Acuity to pay Community $300,000. This appeal followed.

 The appeals court compared the allegations in the complaint against the insured to the terms of the general liability policy issued by the insurer. The policy defined personal and advertising injury as injury arising out of any of seven enumerated offenses and specific to this case is the following offense: injury arising out of oral or written publication, in any manner, of material that slanders or libels a person or organization of disparages a person's or organization's goods, products, or services. Acuity argued that there was no evidence that Community or any of its employees actually slandered, libeled, or disparaged Hoffman during the policy period. Therefore, Hoffman's claims did not constitute personal and advertising injury as defined in the policy.

 The appeals court agreed with the insurer. The court noted that, in the circuit court, Community only presented evidence of one specific act during the policy period that allegedly slandered, libeled, or disparaged Hoffman. Specifically, Community argued that its website slandered, libeled, or disparaged Hoffman by listing projects Community's employees had worked on without indicating that Hoffman was the firm that completed the projects. However, the court did not see this as libel, slander, or disparagement.

 The court said that the website of the insured did not libel or slander Hoffman as determined by Wisconsin case law. Moreover, common law listed the following elements for an action for defamation: a false statement; communicated by speech, conduct, or in writing to a person other than the one defamed; and the communication is unprivileged and tends to harm one's reputation, lowering him or her in the estimation of the community or deterring third persons from associating or dealing with him or her. The court found that the information on Community's website did not meet these requirements. Moreover, the representations on Community's website did not harm Hoffman's reputation; it simply gave Community employees credit for projects they completed at Hoffman, without listing Hoffman as the supervising firm.

 As for alleged disparagement, the court said that the definition of the word means to "diminish the reputation or diminish respect for". The court found that the information on the website did not meet this definition. The court said that it is difficult to see how the website could have diminished Hoffman's esteem, reputation, or respect by including information that did not even reference Hoffman in any way.

 The appeals court concluded that Community's website did not libel, slander, or disparage Hoffman. Thus, the publication of the website did not qualify as personal or advertising injury under Acuity's policy. The insurer made a prima facie case for summary judgment and the insured did not set forth any facts demonstrating that a disputed issue of material fact exists. The judgment of the circuit court was reversed and remanded.

 Editor's Note: The Wisconsin Appeals Court correctly noted that personal and advertising injury is a defined term in the general liability policy, and unless the allegations against the insured specifically meet the definition, the policy does not provide coverage. In this case, the insured said the allegations made against it in the complaint amounted to personal and advertising injury, but the appeals court found no proof and no facts that the actions of the insured or its employees fulfilled the definition. Therefore, the court ruled that the insurer had no duty to defend or indemnify the insured against claims for personal and advertising injury.

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