One of our insureds has a commercial policy (ISO CP 00 10 04 02 with CP 10 30 04 02 attached) covering a large apartment complex. The complex is not connected to a public sewer; it has an on-site septic system.

Recently, the sewer line leading to the septic system backed up, flooding the lower units of the complex. The damage and clean up costs are extensive.

We think the loss is excluded, but the agent argues that a septic system is not a sewer, and the loss should be covered. His argument is that a sewer is public, but a septic system is private and as such is not a sewer.

What is your opinion?

Florida Subscriber

We believe that the loss is excluded. Exclusion B.1.g.(3) excludes “water that backs up or overflows from a sewer, drain or sump.” Words or terms in insurance contracts are to be given their common everyday meanings. Webster's Collegiate Dictionary defines “sewer” as “an artificial usu. subterranean conduit to carry off sewage and sometimes surface water.” The definition in Random House International Dictionary is the same. The definition of “septic tank” is “a tank in which the solid matter of continuously flowing sewage is disintegrated by bacteria.” Therefore, a sewer is simply the conduit to reach either a tank or a public sewer system.

Checking Black's Law Dictionary yielded no definitions for either “sewer” or “septic,” so there are no differing definitions used in the courts. In the case of State of Maine et al. v. Manchester Heights Condominiums Associates v. Inhabitants of the Town of Manchester, 389 A.2d 844 (Maine 1978), the court was asked to rule on liability for the failure of one party to run a public sewer line to condominiums that were linked to a septic system, and used “sewer” to describe both connections.

Therefore, the exclusion appears in common, everyday language. There is no “term of art” that needs a different interpretation. You are correct in denying the claim.  

This premium content is locked for FC&S Coverage Interpretation Subscribers

Enjoy unlimited access to the trusted solution for successful interpretation and analyses of complex insurance policies.

  • Quality content from industry experts with over 60 years insurance experience, combined
  • Customizable alerts of changes in relevant policies and trends
  • Search and navigate Q&As to find answers to your specific questions
  • Filter by article, discussion, analysis and more to find the exact information you’re looking for
  • Continually updated to bring you the latest reports, trending topics, and coverage analysis