In 2014, U.S. companies had at least a 11.7% chance of an employment lawsuit being filed against them. However, in 11 states plus the District of Columbia, the percentage is much higher. These states have discrimination laws that go beyond federal guidelines, which create additional obligations and risks for insurers, according to New York-based specialist insurer Hiscox. And these suits are costly: The average total costs of claims that resulted in a defense and settlement payout is $125,000, Hiscox says. The average self-insured retention (deducible) for these charges was $35,000. Without Employment Practices Liability insurance, these companies would have had to pay an additional $90,000. In addition, 81% of charges resulted in no payment by the insurance company — which highlights the "nuisance potential" of employment charges, such as a loss of goodwill or reputational damage. The 2015 Hiscox Guide to Employee Lawsuits reveals which states have the highest probability of employees filing lawsuits, and the cost of employee charges and litigation. Hiscox used data from the federal and state levels of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Federal law prohibits discrimination based on age (over 40 years), disability, genetic information, national origin, race, color, religion and sex. It also is illegal to retaliate against a person who filed a discrimination complaint or suit. The District of Columbia and the 11 states with the highest risk of employee lawsuits have state have laws that exceed federal regulations in several areas:

• Anti-discrimination/fair employment practices: These include additional protected classes or impose restrictions on smaller-size companies that need to comply.
• E-Verify: All private-sector employers must enroll in the federal e-Verify system and use it to ensure all new hires are legally allowed to work in the U.S.
• Pregnancy accommodation: Employers must make reasonable accommodations to the known limitations related to pregnancy of an applicant or employee.
• Criminal background checks: Employers are restricted inquiring about — or requiring disclosure of — a job applicant's criminal record or criminal history.
• Credit checks: Employers are prohibited from taking employment actions related to the credit history or credit report of an employee or job applicant.

The states most at risk for employee lawsuits are outlined in the slideshow above.